Vital Signs: Mammography Use and Association with Social Determinants of Health and Health-Related Social Needs Among Women - United States, 2022.

Introduction: Approximately 40,000 U.S. women die from breast cancer each year. Mammography is recommended to screen for breast cancer and reduce breast cancer mortality. Adverse social determinants of heath (SDOH) and health-related social needs (HRSNs) (e.g., lack of transportation and social isolation) can be barriers to getting mammograms. Methods: Data from the 2022 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System were analyzed to estimate the prevalence of mammography use within the previous 2 years among women aged 40-74 years by jurisdiction, age group, and sociodemographic factors. The association between mammography use and measures of SDOH and HRSNs was assessed for jurisdictions that administered the Social Determinants and Health Equity module. Results: Among women aged 50-74 years, state-level mammography use ranged from 64.0% to 85.5%. Having health insurance and a personal health care provider were associated with having had a mammogram within the previous 2 years. Among women aged 50-74 years, mammography prevalence was 83.2% for those with no adverse SDOH and HRSNs and 65.7% for those with three or more adverse SDOH and HRSNs. Life dissatisfaction, feeling socially isolated, experiencing lost or reduced hours of employment, receiving food stamps, lacking reliable transportation, and reporting cost as a barrier for access to care were all strongly associated with not having had a mammogram within the previous 2 years. Conclusions and Implications for Public Health Practice: Identifying specific adverse SDOH and HRSNs that women experience and coordinating activities among health care providers, social services, community organizations, and public health programs to provide services that help address these needs might increase mammography use and ultimately decrease breast cancer deaths.

Use of Behavior Change Techniques and Quality of Commercially Available Inflammatory Bowel Disease Apps.

BACKGROUND: Inclusion of evidence-based behavior change techniques (e.g., self-monitoring) in mobile health apps has the potential to promote adherence to inflammatory bowel disease treatment. While inflammatory bowel disease management apps exist, the extent to which they incorporate behavior change techniques remains unknown. AIMS: The present study systematically evaluated the content and quality of free, commercially available inflammatory bowel disease management apps. METHODS: Apps were identified using a systematic search of the Apple App and Google Play stores. Apps were evaluated using Abraham and Michie's taxonomy of 26 behavior change techniques. A literature search was conducted to identify behavior change techniques specific and relevant for people with inflammatory bowel disease. App quality was assessed using the Mobile App Rating Scale with scores ranging from 1 (Inadequate) to 5 (Excellent). RESULTS: A total of 51 inflammatory bowel disease management apps were evaluated. Apps included 0-16 behavior change techniques (Mean = 4.55) and 0-10 inflammatory bowel disease management behavior change techniques (Mean = 3.43). App quality ranged from 2.03 to 4.62 (Mean = 3.39) out of 5.00. Two apps, My IBD Care: Crohn's & Colitis and MyGiHealth GI Symptom Tracker, included the highest number of overall and inflammatory bowel disease management behavior change techniques along with high-quality scores. Bezzy IBD was the only app with a high number of overall and inflammatory bowel disease management behavior change techniques with a primary focus on social support/change. CONCLUSION: Most inflammatory bowel disease management apps reviewed included evidence-based inflammatory bowel disease management behavior change techniques.

Daily wellness behaviors in college students across a school year.

Objective: To establish the prevalence of mood and wellness behaviors in college students across a school year. Methods: 1,554 college students (69.4% female; average age 18.8 years) were followed with daily surveys on wellness behaviors for the school year. 1,207 participants completed at least 50% of daily surveys on mood, exercise, sleep, nutrition, mindfulness practice and singing/playing musical instrument. Results: Over 88.7% of college students reported at least one wellness behavior each day with 17.7% reporting 4 or more. Each of the wellness behaviors, however, displayed distinct prevalence patterns, varied significantly across the school year, and often across a given school week. Almost every individual wellness behavior was associated with a positive mood, and the cumulative number of daily wellness behaviors was a strongly associated with mood state. Conclusions: Daily wellness behaviors are collectively common, vary significantly within individuals, and are strongly associated with positive mood, both individual and cumulatively.

A Survivor's Journey: Preliminary efficacy of an online problem-solving therapy for survivors of pediatric brain tumor.

BACKGROUND: Although pediatric brain tumor survivors are at high risk for a variety of psychosocial and neurocognitive late effects, there are few evidence-based interventions to address their needs. The purpose of this study was to test the efficacy of an online problem-solving intervention on improving the quality of life and executive dysfunction among adolescent and young adult brain tumor survivors. PROCEDURE: A Survivor's Journey was adapted from a similar intervention for survivors of traumatic brain injuries, and involved self-guided web modules providing training in problem-solving as a tool for coping with everyday challenges, as well as weekly teleconferences with a trained therapist. Survivors (n = 19) between the ages of 13 and 25, and their caregivers, completed standardized measures of their emotional and behavioral functioning, executive functioning, and quality of life before and after the 12- to 16-week intervention. RESULTS: Participation in the intervention led to significant improvements in self-reported overall (Mpre  = 62.03, SDpre  = 17.67, Mpost  = 71.97, SDpost  = 16.75; d = 0.58, P = 0.01) and physical quality of life (Mpre  = 63.13, SDpre  = 21.88, Mpost  = 75.00, SDpost  = 21.33; d = 0.55, P < 0.01) as well as parent-reported emotional quality of life (Mpre  = 65.00, SDpre  = 28.72, Mpost  = 76.15, SDpost  = 23.47; d = 0.43, P = 0.03). Greater improvement was noted in those who were diagnosed before the age of seven and those with average or above average estimated IQs. Current age did not moderate outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Online problem-solving therapy may be efficacious in improving pediatric brain tumor survivors' quality of life; however, further research with a comparison group is needed. Online interventions such as Survivor's Journey may decrease barriers to evidence-based psychosocial care for brain tumor survivors.

The University of Vermont Wellness Environment: Feasibility and Initial Results of a College Undergraduate Health-Promoting Program.

The University of Vermont Wellness Environment program is a neuroscience-inspired, incentive-based behavioral change program designed to improve health and academic outcomes in college-age students. The program uses health promotion and illness prevention delivered in classrooms, residential halls, and via a customized App that incentivizes healthy behaviors and monitors the use of health-promoting activities. This article presents feasibility data on participation of college students in ongoing data collection about key outcomes related to health and well-being. The data collection component were easily implemented in college students and yielded high-quality data.

Social Participation and Navigation (SPAN) program for adolescents with acquired brain injury: Pilot findings.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE: Our goal was to examine the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of an app-based coaching intervention (Social Participation and Navigation; SPAN) to help survivors of acquired brain injury attain social participation goals. Research Method/Design: This is a nonrandomized pilot trial of SPAN, including 15 adolescents (9 with traumatic brain injury, 6 with brain tumor) between the ages of 14-22. The SPAN intervention consisted of a mobile app to support the development and implementation of social participation goals, weekly video-conference coaching sessions to identify goals and step-by-step action plans, and online didactic materials. Assessments were completed pre- and postintervention. Satisfaction with the intervention, confidence in the adolescents' ability to participate in and plan social activities and manage their emotions and behaviors, and frequency and satisfaction with social participation were assessed via self- and parent-report questionnaires developed for this project. Behavior problems, social competence, and social problems were measured by using the Child Behavior Checklist and the Youth Self-Report. RESULTS: High levels of participant and parent satisfaction were reported. Increases in parent-reported frequency of social participation and teen-reported confidence in their ability to participate and develop social participation goals and plans were observed. A decline in parent-reported total problems, internalizing problems, externalizing problems, and social problems was noted. CONCLUSION/IMPLICATIONS: Results support the feasibility of the program, because participants were able to successfully meet with their coaches and use the app to develop and accomplish social participation goals. Further research will be needed to refine the app and program, particularly when reaching out to populations beyond traumatic brain injury. (PsycINFO Database Record

Social Participation and Navigation (SPAN): Description and usability of app-based coaching intervention for adolescents with TBI.

BACKGROUND: Adolescents with brain injury (BI) often experience impairment in participation, which is an important predictor of outcomes. OBJECTIVE: Describe the Social Participation and Navigation (SPAN) program, and report participant feedback and preliminary outcomes. METHOD: Four adolescents and four coaches participated. SPAN included a mobile app, online didactic information, and peer coaching. Adolescents met weekly with coaches via video-conference, developed participation goals, and plans to achieve goals. Social and behavioral functioning before and after was assessed, and feedback about SPAN was collected. RESULTS: SPAN was well received. Participants used the app to define and achieve goals. Medium to large effect sizes were found on adolescent self-reported measures, with negligible effects on parent-report measures. Positive and critical feedback is described. CONCLUSIONS: Findings support the usability of SPAN, which has the potential to improve social participation of adolescents with a history of TBI through an innovative use of technology and peer coaching.

Informing design of an app-based coaching intervention to promote social participation of teenagers with traumatic brain injury.

OBJECTIVE: To examine perspectives of multiple stakeholders to inform the design of an app-based coaching intervention to promote social participation in teenagers with traumatic brain injury (TBI). METHODS: Teenagers and college students with and without TBI and parents of teenagers with TBI were recruited from two children's hospitals and two universities in the USA (n = 39). Data were collected via interviews, focus groups, and surveys and examined using descriptive statistics and content analyses. RESULTS: Teenagers with TBI reported more social participation barriers and fewer strategies for addressing these barriers than teenagers without TBI. There was consensus across groups about the value of college student coaches and use of smartphones and apps. Participants expressed mixed views on the use of chat rooms and degree of parent involvement. CONCLUSION: Results provided insights about the possible benefits of the intervention, and informed its initial design (e.g., desired coach qualities, and type of coach training and supervision).